Introduction

I am writing Java code with Emacs from time to time and normally miss a lot of the „sugar“ that „the other IDE I am using“ provides me with.

From time to time I also stretch my fingers and try to improve my Emacs experience with some tooling. This resulted recently in a short coding session the outcome of which was a Maven Plugin (For those used to maven language: It’s only a single mojo), that generated a .dirlocals.el file for emacs that contains mavens understanding of the compile time classpath. I am actually a bit suspicious about the result of this since it looks much too easy.

The emacs maven plugin

„The“ emacs maven plugin is hosted on github here It collects jar files from mavens compile time classpath and writes them into a .dir-locals.el file.

How to use it

What do do with this information is yet undetermined. Those who are used to Java programming know that the classpath is one of the more important parameters when running/compiling Java programs. It’s also an essential piece of information when writing Java code: What is not in the classpath should not be in the source code 🙂
I have taken the classpath and extracted the names of the classes contained within the jar files and then build a function that inserts for me the class name:

(defun java-read-classes-from-classpath ()
  "Iterate over classpath and gather classes from jar files.
Evaluates into one large list containing all classes."
  (let* ((jarfiles nil)
         (jarfile nil)
         (result '()))
    (progn
      (dolist (file (directory-files (concat jdk-location "jre/lib/") t "\.\*.jar\$"))
        (setq jarfiles (cons file jarfiles)))
      (dolist (file (reverse java-classpath))
        (setq jarfiles (cons file jarfiles))))
    (with-temp-buffer
      (while jarfiles
        (progn
          (setq jarfile (car jarfiles)
                jarfiles (cdr jarfiles))
          (call-process "/usr/bin/unzip" nil t nil "-l" (expand-file-name jarfile))
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (let ((end 0)
                (classname ""))
            (while (search-forward ".class" nil t nil)
              (end-of-line)
              (setq end (point))
              (beginning-of-line)
              (goto-char (+ (point) 30))
              (setq classname (substring 
                               (replace-regexp-in-string "/" "."
                                                         (buffer-substring-no-properties (point) end))
                               0 -6))
              (setq result (cons classname result))
              (forward-line 1)
              (beginning-of-line))
            (erase-buffer)))))
    result))

And the source for auto-complete:

(defun java-insert-classname-completing-read (prefix)
  "Query the user for a class name.
With prefix argument insert classname with package name. Otherwise omit package name."
       (interactive "P")
       (let* ((default (thing-at-point 'symbol))
              (classname (completing-read "Class: " java-classes-cache)))
         (if prefix
             (insert classname)
           (insert (replace-regexp-in-string ".*\\." "" classname)))))

(defun java-mode-process-dir-locals ()
  (when (derived-mode-p 'java-mode
                        (progn
                          (when (stringp java-project-root)
                            ;; sell the stock from emacs-maven-plugin:
                            (progn
                              (setq-local java-classes-cache (java-read-classes-from-classpath)))
                            (local-set-key (kbd "C-x c") 'java-insert-classname-completing-read))))))

Now I can insert classnames (with or without package) enhanced with completing read (I do with ivy)).

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The kill ring is a nice thing to have. Only the navigation is a bit to uncomfortable (I am refering to doing C-y again and again until the to desired element is found). So this is what I came up with to feel more ‚comfy‘:

(defun pre-process-kill-ring-element (element)
  (replace-regexp-in-string "^[[:space:]]+" ""
                            (replace-regexp-in-string "[[:space:]]+$" "" (substring-no-properties element))))

(defun preprocess-kill-ring ()
  (let ((result nil)
        (element nil))
    (dolist (element kill-ring)
      (progn
        (setq element (pre-process-kill-ring-element element))
        (when (not (or
                    (eq 0 (length element))
                    (string-match-p "[\r\n]+" element)))
          (setq result (cons element result)))))
    (reverse result)))

(defun browse-kill-ring ()
  (interactive)
  (insert (completing-read "Pick an element: "
                       (preprocess-kill-ring))))

(global-set-key (kbd "C-M-y") 'browse-kill-ring)

The Emacs built-in command (garbage-collect) gives detailed information about the data structures that currently consume memory. It is propably not the most usefull information but I wanted to collect the data and plot it. I started with writing functions to access the list returned from (garbage-collect):

(defsubst get-mem-conses (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 0 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-symbols (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 1 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-misc (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 2 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-string-header (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 3 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-string-bytes (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 4 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (nth 2 data)) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-vector-header (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 5 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (nth 2 data)) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-vector-slots (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 6 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-floats (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 7 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-intervals (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 8 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (+ (nth 2 data) (nth 3 data))) (* 1024 1024.0))))

(defsubst get-mem-buffers (mi)
  (let ((data (nth 9 mi)))
    (/ (* (nth 1 data) (nth 2 data)) (* 1024 1024.0))))

Then I had need for a function that will be called periodically. This function will call (garbage-collect) and store the data in the file-system:

(defun collector (filename)
  "Write memory data into file with FILENAME."
  (let ((mi (garbage-collect)))
    (with-temp-buffer
      (insert 
       (format "%f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f\r\n"
               (float-time)
               (get-mem-conses mi)
               (get-mem-symbols mi)
               (get-mem-misc mi)
               (get-mem-string-header mi)
               (get-mem-string-bytes mi)
               (get-mem-vector-header mi)
               (get-mem-vector-slots mi)
               (get-mem-floats mi)
               (get-mem-intervals mi)
               (get-mem-buffers mi)))
      (let ((message-log-max nil))
        (append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) filename)))))

Next I have need for a function that starts the collection process and one that stops it again:

(defvar collector-timer nil)

(defun start-collection (filename interval)
  (interactive "FEnter filename:\nMEnter interval: ")
  (setq collector-filename filename
        collector-timer (run-at-time
                         2
                         (string-to-number interval)
                         'collector filename)))
(defun stop-collection ()
  (interactive)
  (when (timerp collector-timer)
    (cancel-timer collector-timer)))

Finally the collected data should be plotted into a nice graph:

(defun plot-data (datafile imagefile)
  (interactive "FEnter data-filename: \nFEnter image-filename:")
  (let ((gnuplot (start-process "gnuplot" "*gnuplot*" "gnuplot")))
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set term png\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format "set output \"%s\"\n" imagefile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set grid\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set title \"Emacs memory consumption by category\"\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set xlabel \"interval\"\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set autoscale\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot "set ylabel \"2^{20} bytes\"\n")
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format "plot \"%s\" using 2 title \"cons cells\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format " 
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 , \"%s\" using 3 title \"symbols\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format " https://puttygen.in , \"%s\" using 4 title \"\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 5 title \"string header\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 6 title \"string bytes\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 7 title \"vector header\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 8 title \"vector slots\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 9 title \"floats\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 10 title \"intervals\" with lines" datafile))
    (process-send-string gnuplot (format ", \"%s\" using 11 title \"buffers\" with lines\n" datafile))))

Turns out that my emacs usage was really calm in the time when I sampled the data 🙂 In fact I have entered some kilobytes of test data into the scratch buffer with two seconds between two samples. (resulting chart lost, sorry…)

I recently wanted to have some more information about which of the packages I am using contributes more time to the total (emacs-init-time) I use to keep my emacs init code in a single file and I manually divide the file into sections of related code. A section is opened by entering a carefully prepared comment string and ended by another one so that it looks like this:

;; [ an example section
(some emacs lisp)
(and some more)
;; ]

Starting from here I could alter my init file to write down time values from the stop-clock (And since I also need to know to which section the time value belongs – the section names). Therefore I invoked query-replace-regexp and query-replace to surround my sections with emacs lisp to collect the necessary information:

query replace regexp: 
FROM: ;; []] \(.*\) 
TO: ;; [ \1[C-q C-j](add-to-list 'section-names "\1")

query replace: 
FROM: ;; ] 
TO: (add-to-list 'init-runtime (get-internal-run-time))[C-q C-j];; ]

My example section would then look like this:

;; [ an example section
(add-to-list 'section-names "an example section")
(some emacs lisp)
(and some more)
(add-to-list 'init-runtime (get-internal-run-time))
;; ]

After the whole file is processed I end up with two lists (I called them section-names and init-runtime). These I then further-process. So I switched to an org-mode buffer and entered

#+NAME: perf_data_names
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(reverse section-names)
#+END_SRC

#+NAME: perf_data_times
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(progn
    (let ((bak-init-times init-runtime)
          (next nil)
          (result '()))
        (while bak-init-times
           (setq next (car bak-init-times))
           (setq bak-init-times (cdr bak-init-times))
           (add-to-list 'result (+ (nth 2 next)
                                   (* (nth 1 next) 1000000))))
      result))
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC python :var sections=perf_data_names :var times=perf_data_times :results output
xtics="set xtics ("
numsections=len(sections)
for i https://becejprevoz.com/zyrova/index.html  
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 , section in enumerate(sections):
    xtics = xtics +  "\"{0}\" {1}".format(section, i+1)
    if i<numsections-1:
      xtics = xtics + ", "
xtics+=")"      
print("set grid")
print(xtics)
print("plot \"-\" using 1:2 title "Stopclock times")
for i, time in enumerate(times):
    print("{0} {1}".format(i+1 
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 , time))
print("e")    
#+END_SRC

This results in a snippet of text that can be fed into gnuplot! Gnuplot kindly generates the following image:

(plot is lost, sorry…)

It turns out that no one can really be blamed for beeing responsible and it must be taken into consideration that some of the loading may be deferred and is not subject to the analysis (No, I did not look up how exactly use-package is deferring package loading). Some sections take more time then others:

• packages
• s
• global appearance
• yasnippet
• org mode
• java mode
• elpy python
• magit

An Emacs Gem is one of the many little tools/functions/modes that Emacs ships with and that turned out to be ‚extremely usefull‘ in a specific situation.

Introduction

If you ever want to compare two buffers line by line and are too lazy to fire up ediff or don’t use ediff at all you might end up with a google search for „Emacs scroll windows simultaniously“. The top results will then inform you that Emacs brings a solution for this task: scroll-all-mode.

scroll-all-mode

Scroll-all-mode does not need lots of explanation and if I am not mistaken the official Emacs Manual dedicates a single line of documentation (which in fact suffices):

Scroll All mode (M-x scroll-all-mode) is a global minor mode that causes scrolling commands and point motion commands to apply to every single window.

Every single window in the selected frame one might add – but that’s it. For a quick comparison it’s definetly a great tool and it comes with Emacs. No need for installation (it’s not a package). No need for a command-window (it’s not ediff).

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